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An engine, otherwise called a motor, is a device which converts energy into useful mechanical motion. Motors that convert heat energy into motion are known as engines. Engines are available in several types like for instance internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel along with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They make use of heat in order to produce motion making use of a separate working fluid.
To be able to generate a mechanical motion through various electromagnetic fields, the electric motor needs to take and create electrical energy. This particular kind of engine is very common. Other types of engine can function using non-combustive chemical reactions and some will make use of springs and function through elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven through compressed air. There are different styles depending upon the application needed.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An ICE happens when the combustion of fuel mixes along with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. Inside an internal combustion engine, the increase of high pressure gases mixed with high temperatures results in applying direct force to some engine components, for instance, nozzles, pistons or turbine blades. This force generates useful mechanical energy by means of moving the component over a distance. Typically, an internal combustion engine has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotary motor. The majority of jet engines, gas turbines and rocket engines fall into a second class of internal combustion motors referred to as continuous combustion, that occurs on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines like for example steam or Sterling engines differ greatly from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid like for example liquid sodium, hot water and pressurized water or air that are heated in some sort of boiler. The working fluid is not combined with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
A variety of designs of ICEs have been developed and are now available with numerous strengths and weaknesses. When powered by an energy dense gas, the internal combustion engine provides an efficient power-to-weight ratio. Though ICEs have succeeded in various stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines control the power supply utilized for vehicles such as cars, boats and aircrafts. A few hand-held power gadgets make use of either battery power or ICE devices.
External combustion engines
In the external combustion engine is made up of a heat engine working using a working fluid such as gas or steam that is heated by an external source. The combustion would take place via the engine wall or via a heat exchanger. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which produces motion. Then, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and used again or disposed, and cool fluid is pulled in.
The act of burning fuel along with an oxidizer to supply heat is referred to as "combustion." External thermal engines can be of similar operation and configuration but make use of a heat supply from sources like for example geothermal, solar, nuclear or exothermic reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid could be of whatever constitution, although gas is the most common working fluid. Sometimes a single-phase liquid is sometimes used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between gas and liquid.
